Scapy and IP Options
Create packets with custom IPv4 IP Option fields using Scapy:
>>> packet=IP(src="203.0.113.1",dst="203.0.113.2",options=[IPOption('%s%s'%('\x86\x28','a'*38))]) >>> ls(packet) version : BitField = 4 (4) ihl : BitField = None (None) tos : XByteField = 0 (0) len : ShortField = None (None) id : ShortField = 1 (1) flags : FlagsField = 0 (0) frag : BitField = 0 (0) ttl : ByteField = 64 (64) proto : ByteEnumField = 0 (0) chksum : XShortField = None (None) src : Emph = '203.0.113.1' (None) dst : Emph = '203.0.113.2' ('127.0.0.1') options : PacketListField = [<IPOption copy_flag=1L optclass=control option=commercial_security length=40 value='aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa' |>] ([]) >>> sr1(packet)
The above code results in the following packet (as seen by Wireshark):
Upgrade to Debian 8 without systemd
To avoid the automatic installation/switch to systemd during the upgrade to Debian 8, it is enough to prevent the installation of the systemd-sysv
package.
This can be done by creating a file /etc/apt/preferences.d/no-systemd-sysv
with the following content:
Package: systemd-sysv Pin: release o=Debian Pin-Priority: -1
(via)
Obey the cloud!
So true...
"Obey the cloud!" by Johannes Kretzschmar, licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.